5 Handy Python Tips For Beginners
Published: Aug 23, 2021
Last updated: Aug 23, 2021
This is Day 33 of the #100DaysOfPython challenge.
Today's post will cover five tips that have come in handy while learning Python.
Zip function
A zip
object yielding tuples until an input is exhausted. The definition for the zip
function is zip(*iterables)
.
# Zip function a = [1,2,3,4] b = [5,6,7,8] for index, _ in enumerate(a): print(a[index] + b[index]) # Prints out 6, 8, 10, 12 respectively # Zip equivalent for i, j in zip(a, b): print(i + j) # Prints out 6, 8, 10, 12 respectively
Zip also works with strings:
a = ['Hello'] b = ['World'] for i, j in zip(a, b): print(f"{i}, {j}!") # Hello, World!
Chaining of comparison operators
Something cool that I came across from Python was the ability to chain comparison operators without the need to write separate conditionals.
For example, instead of writing a conditional x >= 8 and x <= 10
, I could omit the and
and simply check 8 <= x <= 10
to be true.
# Chaining of comparison operators print(8 < 9 < 10) # True # Follow lambda is equivalent to... lambda x: x >= 8 and x <= 10 is_between_eight_and_ten = lambda x: 8 <= x <= 10 print(is_between_eight_and_ten(4)) # False print(is_between_eight_and_ten(9)) # True
Slice notation
Slice notation works like so [start:stop:index]
where each value start
, stop
and index
is an integer.
This can be incredibly useful when working with data where you need to reshape lists and tuples.
# Slice notation # The notation looks like so [start:stop:step] a = [1,2,3,4] print(a[::]) # equivalent to a[0:len(a):1] -> [1,2,3,4] print(a[1::]) # equivalent to a[1:len(a):1] -> [2, 3, 4] print(a[:1:]) # equivalent to a[0:1:1] -> [1] print(a[::2]) # equivalent to a[0:len(a):2] -> [1,3] # Also works with strings hello = 'hello' print(hello[::]) # hello print(hello[1::]) # ello print(hello[:1:]) # h print(hello[::2]) # hlo
The help function
This function is very useful when working with Python. It will print out the docstring
for the function.
# `help` function import os help(os.path) # Prints out help information for function
The above would print out the following:
Help on module posixpath: NAME posixpath - Common operations on Posix pathnames. MODULE REFERENCE https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/posixpath The following documentation is automatically generated from the Python source files. It may be incomplete, incorrect or include features that are considered implementation detail and may vary between Python implementations. When in doubt, consult the module reference at the location listed above. DESCRIPTION Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to this module as os.path. The "os.path" name is an alias for this module on Posix systems; on other systems (e.g. Windows), os.path provides the same operations in a manner specific to that platform, and is an alias to another module (e.g. ntpath). Some of this can actually be useful on non-Posix systems too, e.g. for manipulation of the pathname component of URLs. # ... rest ommited for brevity
List comprehensions
Finally, the last tip I want to mention is the use of list comprehensions. This has been useful for cutting down on the amount of code that I have to write.
Be careful not to make your code too unreadable, but it is a nice way to quickly create a conditional list of values from another list.
# List comprehensions a = [1,2,3,4,5] print([x for x in a if x % 2 == 0]) # Prints out [2, 4] print([x ** 2 for x in a]) # Prints out [1, 4, 9, 16, 25] # Creating lists b = [x for x in range(10) if x < 5] print(b) # Prints out [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
It also works well with string lists:
# Working with string lists c = ['hey', 'world'] print([x.upper() for x in c if len(x) > 3]) # Prints out ['WORLD']) # Working with enumerations print([x for index, x in enumerate(c) if index < 1]) # Prints out ['hey']
Summary
Today was a recap on some of the cooler things I have come across with Python of the past 30 days. I hope you found this useful!
I will continue to iterate on this as I find Python syntax that are readily used in everyday projects.
Resources and further reading
Photo credit: susangold
Dennis O'Keeffe
Melbourne, Australia
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5 Handy Python Tips For Beginners
Introduction